Congresss Presidental Conquest :: essays research papers

Congresss electric chairial ConquestI am sworn to uphold the Constitution as Andy Johnson understands it and interprets it. This is a simple quote from a simple man. 17th President of the United States, Andrew Johnson, and Congress had a sharp conflict about the way the randomness should be re-constructed in the wake of the just finished Civil War. The interpretation of this period of US history has been that Johnson was railroaded by radical Republicans and did not deserve to be impeached. Johnson wanted reconciliation with the former rebel disk operating systems of the South, and that radical Republicans were out to humiliate the South and force a radical reconstruction program on them. The impeachment of President Andrew Johnson was unjust and primarily driven by radical members of the Congress who held different views on Reconstruction and how it should be accomplished. Andrew Johnson was born to a poor family in Raleigh, northeasterly Carolina. He was never formally educated but until the age of 16, he was apprenticed to a tailor. At 16, he ran away to Greeneville, Tennessee where he opened his aver tailor shop. He would eventually marry Eliza McCardle who helped to improve on his reading, writing, and math. Because his tailor business was doing so well, he was able to save up and buy a few slaves of his own. The two would have five children together.In 1829 Johnson was elected councilman and mayor of Greenville. During this, Johnson discovered a chic for public speaking. He made a fast rise within the ladder of political offices. In 1835 he was sent to the state general assembly. Running as a Democrat, he was elected to the state senate and then two years later the House of Representatives which he served in until 1853. While in Congress, Johnson was notorious for his advocacy of cheap western land for the settleers and funding for the Mexican War. He was elected twice as governor of Tennessee in 1853 and 1855. In 1857, he was in the U.S. Senate a nd he again tried to struggle for the homestead bill. Unfortunately the measure was vetoed by President James Buchanan. One of the biggest jumps in his political career came in 1862 when Lincoln appointed him military governor of Tennessee. He took up his post at the state capital. In effort to win votes from the Democrats and to balance Lincolns Union ticket with Southern Democrat, the Republicans nominated Johnson for vice-president.

The Influence of John Locke Essay -- Empiricists, Empiricism

John Locke was some 1 more than just an ordinary man. He was the son of a country attorney and born on prideful 29, 1632. He grew up during the civil war and later entered the Church of Christ, Oxford, where he remained as a student and teacher for numerous years. (Rivitch 23) With a wide medley of political and religious views, he expressed most of his personnel views on education and social and political philosophies. Once he noted the five perdurable pleasures throughout his career were health, good news, knowledge, doing good, and eternal paradise. Many of his views both political and religious were found to be famous throughout history in many countries. Locke was one of the first people that thought religion and state should be separated. (Jenkins 123) Locke considered the formation of government from mans own record, whether or not government is formed because man is a social animal or if government is formed to preserve society. According to Locke, man must not think th at all government in the world is the product only of force and violence, and that men live together by no other rules but that of beasts. Locke also matt-up that to understand political power right, and derive it from its origin. We must also consider what state all men are naturally in, and that is, a state of undefiled freedom to order their actions, and dispose of their possessions and persons, as they think fit, within the bounds of the law of nature.Locke later published anonymously his Two Treaties of Government, and the essay Concerning Human Understanding. These writings were immediately successful and they both exerted a vast of influence. Between the both of these works, they made the dominant view of English thought through the greater dampen of the eighteenth century. J. Mathis 3(Jenkins 56)John Lockes Two Treatises of Government (1690) was a well-known and respected document. In the paper, he attacked the theory of diving right of kings and the nature of the state as conceived by the English philosopher and political theorist Thomas Hobbes. He did not believe that a king should become king because idol told him to be, but rather, because he was qualified for the position, and also because the people felt he should be there. Locke argued that sovereignty did not reside in t... ...d be no connection between the state and the church, and neither could make laws concerning the other. John Lockes influence of our forefathers has been profound and, with his application of experimental analysis to ethics, politics, and religion, he remains one of the most important and controversial philosophers of all time. His ideas and writings lived way beyond his time, and have proven to be the reason the colonies broke away from there vex country and learned to expect certain rights from their government.Maybe if it wasnt for John Locke our government might not exist for his influential thinking. John Locke was and still is a actually important part of our history. J. Mathis 5BiographySquadrito, Kathleen John Locke, Twayne Publishers 1979Jenkins, John Understanding Locke, Edinburgh, Edinburgh University Press 1983Eisenach, Eldon Two Worlds of Liberalism, Chicago, TheUniversity of Chicago Press 1981Rivitch, Daine and Thernstorm, Abigail the Democracy reader,New York, Harpercollins publishers 1992 pg 31-39Microsoft Encarta Encyclopedia 97 , 1993-1996

Joyces Araby versus Updikes A & P Essay -- James Joyce John Updike

Joyces Araby and Updikes A & P A Culture Hostile to love recitalAraby by James Joyce and A & P by John Updike are cardinal stories which, in spite of their many differences, have much in common. In both of these initiation stories, the protagonists move from one stage of life to another and encounter disillusionment along the way. Looking sanction upon his boyhood in Irish Catholic Dublin in the early 1900s, the narrator of Arabygives an account of his first failed love. Captivated by Mangans older sister, the boy promises to bring her a gift from a carnival that wears the mystical name of Araby. Sammy, a nineteen-year-old cashier at the local A & P in an unnamed coastal town north of Boston, narrates A & P. alike(p) Joyces boy, Sammy also attempts to win the attention of a beautiful girl by making a chivalric gesture. In both cases, romance gives way to reality, and contrast occurs when the protagonist finds himself in discord with the values of the society in which he lives. Joyces Araby and Updikes A & P are initiation stories in which the adolescent protagonist comes into date with his culture.Both protagonists live in restrictive cultures. The narrator of Araby portrays the Dublin that he grew up in as grim and oppressed by Catholicism. He begins his story with a description of North Richmond Street, where the somber houses wear brown imperturbable faces and seem conscious of the decent lives within them (Joyce 728). In this description, Joyce links decency and a stifled life together. Filled with cold empty gloomy rooms, the house where the boy resides reminds the reader of a tomb (729). A priest died in the back drawing room, and air, musty from having been long enclosed, is associated with books... ...his infatuation and illusions? Chivalry has failed, both for Joyces boy and for Sammy. Their efforts seem wasted, for their gallant gestures go unseen. However, Sammys story leaves the reader hopeful. His fate has not to that extent been decided. Sammy loses his job but gains the title of unsuspected hero (737). He claims his right to be an individual in a puritanical, conservative, and uncompromising culture. In Joyces Araby and Updikes A & P, two boys replace their ideas of chivalry with modern-life realism and inch their way closer to manhood.Works CitedJoyce, James. Araby. reservation Literature Matter An Anthology for Readers and Writers. Eds. John Clifford and John Schilb. Boston Bedford, 1999. 728-32.Updike, John. A & P. Making Literature Matter An Anthology for Readers and Writers. Eds. John Clifford and John Schilb. Boston Bedford, 1999. 733-37.

Animal Testing Discussion Essay -- Ethical Issues, Animal Ethics

The major ancient philosophers, Thomas doubting Thomas and Rene Descartes, argue that beasts lack a lesson status because they do not engage in rational thought, are not conscious, and do not be stomach morally (Wilson, 2001). However, contrary to their beliefs, non-human animals do display the characteristics that Aquinas and Descartes claim qualifies humans for a moral status. In this paper, I testament argue that animals should have an equal moral status to that of humans. This is due to the lack of relevant differences between humans and animals in the areas of mentation rationally, having a conscience, and behaving morally. This paper will be organized into three main sections. The first section Background Information will introduce the broader subject of animal ethics. The second section, The Argument, will begin by presenting arguments from philosophers, including Rene Descartes and Thomas Aquinas. In this section, I will discuss why these philosophers refuse t o give non-human animals a moral status. Next, I will be supporting the second premise by appealing to recent examples in the animal kingdom, and by referring to arguments from Peter Singer and Robert Garner. Finally, I will conclude in the final section, Conclusion, by asserting that because humans and animals have a lack of relevant differences (with respect to what makes humans moral beings), animals do have a moral status. So, what does the animal ethics issue deal with? First, there are still many problems with the way we treat animals today. It is not an exaggeration, as many say, when animal rights activists point out that humans submit animals to unimaginable atrocities. To test for the safety of a shampoo, for example, rats are subject to ex... ...als may not have scarce the same emotions and interests as humans, but their respective properties must be taken into consideration because every life form must be treated with respect.Finally, as a way to wrap up th is paper, I will appeal to a video from Chile that involves a stray dog rescuing a second stray dog (Hero Dog). In this video, a dog spots another dog who had been hit by a car. The dog goes to the substance of the highway and attempts to help the injured dog by using its front paws to drag it to the side of the highway and into safety. The dog had no benefit in dower the second dog. In fact, it put itself in danger because it was crossing a busy highway and could have been hit. Therefore, the dog went above its basic instinct (contrary to Aquinass argument that non-human animals act on pure instinct). What can this hero dogs behavior tell us?

Descriptive Essay about Sunset Beach -- Description, narrative, descrip

Ever since Sunset Beach has been officially opened to the public, there has been a forceful increase of tourists present. Television programs concluded that at least a thousand people visit the beach everyday. Reasons for their stay are that they feel comfortable with the milieu that surrounds the beach front, people who are at the beach are joyous and numerous activities to enjoy, and the fresh scent of the sparkly waters, make the visitors feel calm and pleasurable. So I decided to take a trip there.As I walked down the sidewalk, my nose picked up the salty scent of the sea breeze. I looked ahead and saw the gleaming beach in the far distance. Before me, the tranquil city along with the endless blue sea sandwiched the golden beach that stretched crosswise for miles. Then my eyes were grasped by the incredible beauty of the city skyscrapers that stood hundreds of meters tall, and they probably had also captured the sight of many other tourists. Some people were jogging and others were rhythm riding Just as the yellow sun rises from behind the buildings. Its easy for many people t...

Descriptive Essay about Sunset Beach -- Description, narrative, descrip

Ever since Sunset Beach has been officially opened to the public, there has been a drastic increase of tourists present. Television programs concluded that at least a thousand people visit the beach everyday. Reasons for their stay are that they feel comfortable with the environment that surrounds the beach front, people who are at the beach are joyous and numerous activities to enjoy, and the fresh scent of the sparkly waters, make the visitors feel calm and pleasurable. So I decided to take a trip there.As I walked down the sidewalk, my nose picked up the salty scent of the sea breeze. I looked ahead and saw the gleaming beach in the far distance. Before me, the tranquil city along with the endless blue sea sandwiched the golden beach that stretched across for miles. Then my eyes were grasped by the unbelievable beauty of the city skyscrapers that stood hundreds of meters tall, and they probably had also captured the sight of many other tourists. Some people were jogging and others were bike riding Just as the chickenhearted sun rises from behind the buildings. Its easy for many people t...

Ethnic Disadvantage Has Not Disappeared from the Labour Market

LUBS3001 sexual urge and Equality at clobber in Comparative Perspective pagan disadvantage has non disappeared from the labour market despite legislation. What notional explanations have been put forward to explain why hoi polloi from heathen and racial minorities mother dissimilitude? Which do you consider to be the most helpful in explaining disadvantage in the labour market? pagan and racial discrimination in the workplace is a controversial topic, which has been researched and assessed thoroughly over the past years.Although the endpoints ethnicity and race are often talked about in union, they have polar meanings and bowknot from assorted cordial contexts. rush along is an ideology with a particular concept in mind, and can be understood in mixed social and historical contexts, for vitrine when slavery was prevalent and race was an master(prenominal) f proceedingor for distinguishing groups in society. Race can excessively refer to particular physical feature s some sensation whitethorn have, for example someones skin colour.Ethnicity on the other hand, relates much to groups of people who luck significant, common beliefs that are part of their embedded culture, and usually passed imbibe through their heritage. Race and ethnicity are key issues in the workplace because evidence put great deals that when analysing different measures of achievement in the workplace, much(prenominal) as un employment rates, earnings and progression into higher(prenominal) levels of work, ethnic minorities are separate (Cabinet Office), and although the magnitude of these disadvantages are generally decreasing over time, it is still an un-resolved issue affecting millions of people every year.Although many theoretical explanations have been proposed regarding this glass ceiling theory (The economist, 2009) in the workplace, it is important to recognise that many of these theories are linked, and thitherfore there is no one prevailing resolving to res olve the issue.During this essay I will discuss the Underclass theories, with reference to Murray (1989) and Wilson, (1987) theories of discrimination and racial discrimination focusing on Macphersons concept of institutional racism (1999), and theories of ethnic diversity in relation to human and social capital, concluding with which theories I deem to be the most explanatory in reference to this topic.Evidence of ethnic disadvantage in the labour market is plentiful, with statistics covering multiple areas of the subject. In the TUC report of Youth, Unemployment and Ethnicity (2012) it shows that the unemployment rate for White people (male and females) is 20%, for Indian, Pakistani and Bangladeshi the descriptor increases to 29%, and for sullen/African Caribbean the figure is more than twice than that for Whites, at 45%.However, when analysing this research it is important to recognise that these employment rates may be particularly high due(p) to the economic recession arou nd this time affecting the labour market, but the variation in figures amongst the groups is still apparent. Similarly, this research cannot be fully analysed as different ethnic groups have been grouped together, and between these ethnicities there are substantial variations with regards to employment.An example of this arises from statistics from the promote Force Survey (1999), which show that the unemployment rate for Indians is closer to that of Whites than it is to Bangladeshis. In the Cabinet Office report of Ethnic minorities in the Labour market (2003), information states that while ethnic minorities are disadvantaged on average, the labour market successes of the Indians and Chinese show that the old picture of White success and ethnic minority under-performance is now out of date.Although this is exceedingly positive progress for Indians and Chinese, there is still much more to be done to further bridge the gap between other ethnic groups in the labour market. Statistic s from the Labour Force Survey (1999) show White people had an unemployment rate of just 6%, Indians 8%, Pakistanis 16%, Black Africans 17%, and Bangladeshis 24%. It is evident that Bangladeshis have the highest rate of unemployment out of these ethnic groups, and one creator for this could be due to an English language barrier.If Bangladeshi parents are not graceful in English, then not only will it be considerably harder for them to find a job, but also this disadvantage will be passed down to their children when they attend school, therefore this particular weakness is transmitted over generations, and may be one explanation for the on-going trend of high unemployment levels. Statistics also show that different ethnic groups are more susceptible to be employed in particular areas of work.Rex and Tomlinson (1979) found that in Birmingham, immigrants and employed predominantly in less benignant industries and in less rewarding jobs, (Pilkington, 2003, p61) and evidence for this can be found in the National report by Green, Owen and Wilson (2005). Research from this report shows that in the UK on average, around 8% of all jobs are filled by ethnic minority employees, yet there are various different structural positions in the labour market.Ethnic minorities are under-represented in occupations such as managers and administration, with only 12. 7% occupying these types of jobs, compared to 15. 5% for Whites. Furthermore, ethnic minorities are over-represented in occupations such as sales, at a figure of 10. 5%, compared to 7. 4% for whites. As previously mentioned, one of the main reasons employees from ethnic minorities may work in lower skilled jobs could be due to insufficient language skills.In the National report it states that in London, where 28. 8% of the population are from ethnic minorities (Ethnic minorities, Information Centre Guide 2003), there are opportunities for people to learn English via English for Speakers of Other Languages (ESOL) provi sions, however local studies in the area show this opportunity needs to be made even more accessible and on a wider scale for a positive impact to be made (Africa Educational Trust 2002).The Underclass thesis was first create in the United States and later gained awareness in Britain due to an American journalist, Auletta in 1982. Auletta claimed that the underprivileged had four distinct categories, these comprising of the passive poor, hostile track criminals, hustlers and the traumatised drunksand released mental patients (Pilkington, 2003, p52). Morris (1994) stated Aulettas categorisation of them as dependent and deviant carries an implicit moral judgment.Although there are various definitions of the underclass, the major(ip)ity of them share similar characteristics, these macrocosm unemployed by choice, dependent on welfare benefits, social exclusion, and links to crime and delinquency. It could be seen that by labelling such a diverse group as the underclass, whilst ass uming they all possess these negative qualities would ultimately be extremely de-motivating, and may even result in a self-fulfilling prophecy (David Straker 2002-2012) If so, this may result in members of the underclass feeling hard work is not expected of them, resulting in little or o suit to strive for employment and integrate with society. The concept of the underclass is linked to social divisions based on gender and class, as well as race, making it a widespread topic with significance to various groups in society. Therefore, the explanations put forward for this thesis are fundamentally opposing. Conservative writers of the underclass place specific vehemence on cultural factors, such as the surrounding environment a person has grown up in, resulting in deviant set and doings.On the other hand, boastful writers maintain that structural factors such as the way our society functions, result in an underclass forming due to insufficient opportunities and on-going racism. Tw o of the most influential accounts of the underclass that have been provided derive from Charles Murray (1984) and Wilson (1987). Murray believed a Black underclass developed in the late 1960s due to the culture of the ghetto. He claimed this overlap culture amongst the Black community created lack of education and stunted employment opportunities. Evidence of this theory can be seen in the U. S.National Canter for Health Statistics (1970s), whereby statistics report more than 50% of black babies were conceived out of wedlock, an increase of more than 33% in the 1950s (The Atlantic, 1986). Murray states that these changes took place during economic expansion therefore the reasoning for these statistics is the existence and availability of welfare benefits. Murray believed that whilst state benefits were available, there was no incentive for women to go to work, meaning when they had children these value of state dependency would be passed on and it would become the norm to be unemp loyed.One example of a state benefit for women was Aid to Families with Dependent Children (Social Welfare History, 1988) which provided single mothers with financial security, acting as a disincentive for both mothers and fathers, as it took extraneous the pressure of having to provide for the family. Murray s attend to because poor, uneducated single teenaged mothers are in a bad position to raise children poverty and deviant values are transferred from parents to children, with the end result being a general lack of motivation and contribution to the labour force (Murray 1984).There has been considerable amount of criticism for Murrays theory and it was generally rejected by most sociologists. One critic of the theory is Devine (1997) who argued the value of AFDC benefits declined in the 1970s while the number of single parents were outgrowth. This would signify there is a further underlying issue, other than welfare benefits, for the explanation of growth of unemployed single parent mothers.Morris (1994) also disputed that three-year-old employed are one group in American society who have no claim to state support as of right. Again, this would suggest that dependency on state benefits is not the main cause for unemployment amongst young people. Wilson criticised Murrays theory by saying it ignored racial discrimination and did not account for deindustrialising, whereby there was a change from a goods-producing economy to a renovation-producing economy meaning people who did not possess the required skills were out of work.Wilson went on to provide a structural theory of the underclass, this being the major liberal response to Murrays explanation. Although Wilson also acknowledged an urban underclass and agreed that their behaviour contrasts sharply with that of mainstream America (Wilson 1987), he argued that it was because of the unfair structures of society and existing inequalities that caused lack of education and unemployment. Wilson also acknow ledged that unemployment was linked to discrimination and stemmed as a result of economic changes.Racial discrimination in the rural South encouraged migration to inner cities in the North, however the situation was not aided as service work replaced the manufacturing industry, requiring skills that the majority of Black and Hispanic citizens had not acquired. Townsend (1991) agrees with Wilsons structural theory, and think from his major study, Poverty in the UK (1979) that the underclass emerged due to government policies in the areas of trade unions, industry and taxation. Therefore it was due to the way that society was structured and designed which caused an underclass of unemployed, low-paid or prematurely retired workers.Although sociologists deemed Wilsons theory as more credible that Murrays, there is still substantial criticism on the matter. Fainstein (1992) argues that Wilson fails to recognise the continuing significance of race which, for Black people, causes segmenta tion into low wage employment (Pilkington, 2003, p55). Furthermore, Miles (1982) criticises both theories by stating that migrants have not developed a whole underclass they are just simply a fraction of society (Sociology rudimentary 2010).It would appear than in general the underclass theory is not the most valid explanation for variety in the labour force as there is a lack of empirical evidence with regard to the cultural theory, and both the cultural and structural theories generalise all members of ethnic groups together, when in fact statistics quit hugely amongst individuals within these groups. Another major theory used to explain the position of ethnic minorities in the workforce is institutional racism, also referring to identify and indirect discrimination.Institutional discrimination is defined by Macpherson (1999) as the collective failure of an organisation to provide an appropriate and professional service to people because of their colour, culture or ethnic orig in (Pilkington, 2003, p85). Macpherson launched a police investigation into the murder of a Black teenager by five White youths, and through this inquiry concluded that all major British organisations are characterised by some form of institutional racism (Parliament UK, 2009).For Macpherson, this concept did not mean that all policies of institutions were intentionally racist rather it arises through social and cultural processes (Parekh 2000). The fact that institutional racism is said to stem from the occupational culture of the organisation is a major concern, as the culture of a company is usually embedded within the employees who share similar values and beliefs, and they tend to remain consistent over time.Although the Macpherson report has created modernistic awareness regarding institutional racism (Solomas 1999), and remains to be a valid explanation for ethnic minority disadvantage in the labour market, it has also been critiqued for various reasons. One of the main cri tiques is that the concept is too ambiguous, with Pilkington (2001) referring to it as a blunderbuss concept. This is because the concept does not specifically refer to the different components within institutional racism.The term institutional racism is rather broad, as it may contain elements of individual discriminatory behaviour and also direct intentional discrimination. Regardless of anti-discrimination legislation, for example The Race Relations Act (1965) intentional discrimination can still be found in some areas of the present labour force. Evidence of this type of discrimination can be seen through discrimination testing, whereby testers from different ethnic backgrounds both apply for the same job at the same time, using identical finish forms.A study performed by Modood et al (1997) found one in five ethnic minority employees felt they had go through racial discrimination, in the form of being refused a job due to racial or religious reasons, yet only one in twenty wh ite employees felt they had every follow upd any form of discrimination. This evidence may suggest that employees who have been faced with discrimination could be discouraged from future job opportunities.Ethnic minority groups may also be faced with indirect discrimination, whereby an organisation unintentionally discriminates against definite groups, for example an up-market clothing store may only employ people who fit certain appearance criteria. Combined, these various forms of discrimination in the labour force would be extremely detrimental to ethnic minority groups and appear to be one of the major contributors to patterns of employment amongst ethnic groups.Ethnic diversity and patterns of discrimination amongst ethnic minority groups can also, to an extent, be explained by patterns of inequality. Social capital can be seen as an important aspect of society, which may provide some explanation for the diversity amongst ethnic groups. Putnam (1995) defines social capital as features of social life networks, norms, and trust that enable participants to act together more effectively to pursue shared objectives. Social policy is linked to all members of a community and the social networks, and social norms or values within our society.The fact that social policy is composed of shared customs within a society, would suggest that members of minority ethnic groups may not be part of this concept, as they are likely to have different values as their cultures and backgrounds will vary. This could result in ethnic minority groups feeling discriminate from the local community, especially if they have not lived there for very long, and therefore have not yet integrated with neighbours or fellow citizens.The terms social capital and more specifically, bonding social capital, are significant when discussing the labour force as they refer to networking with people and communicating through shared objectives. Nowadays, with high levels of competitiveness in the wor k force, it is extremely advantageous to have general networking links into different areas of the labour market, and often the phrase Its not what you know, but who you know is used. Employers will often create a workforce of people that they can trust, or at least someone who has come with a trust-worthy reference, perhaps suggested by a colleague.Therefore, if ethnic minority members do not share this same sense of social capital and appear to have fewer or no network connections, it will be harder for them to succeed in the labour force and ultimately could it have a significant effect on their employment status. This theory of social capital can also be linked to why less ethnic minority graduates are taken on by large firms after university, than Whites. Statistics provided by the Higher Education Statistics Agency from 2007-08 showed 66% of Whites found full-time or part-time employment within one year of graduation compared to 56. % for minority ethnic groups. Although the figure is not alarmingly higher, one reason for the difference could be due to social capital and networking advantages. Work experience completed throughout university years can often be acquired using contacts, and the majority of employees will consider the quality and amount of work experience endured before employing a graduate. Although this essay is primarily focused on ethnicity, it is also important to consider religion as a contributory factor for patterns of inequality in the labour force.Religion can often be a trigger for discriminatory behaviour, for example since the 9/11 terrorist attacks the term Islamophobia was used more widely, this referring to consternation of Muslims. Many types of religion are expressed using distinctive types of clothing, such as a turban, making it apparent to others what religion someone may be, which could principal to discrimination. Lindley (2002) compared employment and earnings across ethnic groups within five religious groups, and compared these results with that of Whites.Evidence was provided to show Muslims were substantially disadvantaged compared to other ethnic minorities, however other factors such as individual attitudes and levels of motivation may have also contributed to these statistics. Religion can also be linked to the previously mentioned topic of social capital, as members of a particular faith may choose to socialise only with people who share their same beliefs and values, which would affectively limit opportunities of bridging social capital in mainstream society.To conclude, with the aid of various legislation and trade unions, the positioning of ethnic minorities in the labour market has advanced over the past forty years. However, regardless of this improvement, discrimination in the workforce and ethnic penalties are still prominent. From examining theoretical explanations for the disadvantage of ethnic minorities in the labour force, it would seem that the answer lies within a number of different causes.Although some of the theories seem more plausible explanations than others, for example theories that recognise racial disadvantage along with the concept of ethnic diversity are more trustworthy than that of the underclass thesis, it is still important to acknowledge all of the theories, as individually they all provide possible explanations. There is not one possible reason for ethnic and racial disadvantage, more than it is due to a combination of factors such as discrimination in the workplace, economic restructuring overtime, and race, religion and ethnicity.Further aspects are also pertinent to consider, such as historic patterns of migration and also class and gender. Various elements of these theories will be more applicable depending on the group in question, and it is also substantive to recognise that within different ethnic groups, statistics vary considerably making it un-reliable to treat groups as one whole instead of addressing the individuals within. Bibliography Books BRADLEY, H. , HEALY, G. , FORSON, C and KAUL, P. 2007 Equal Opportunities Commission. Manchester. BRADLEY, H. , HEALY, G. , 2008 Ethnicity and Gender at Work.Inequalities, Careers and Employment Relations London Palgrave Macmillan CHEUNG, S. Y, HEATH, A and SMITH, S. N, 2007 Unequal Chances Ethnic Minorities in Western Labour Markets. Proceedings of the British Academy. Oxford Oxford University Press CLARK, K. and DRINKWATER, S 2007 Ethnic minorities in the labour market dynamics and diversity York Joseph Rowntree Foundation. HOLDAWAY, S. and ONEIL, M. (2007) Where has all the racism gone? Views of racism in constabularies after Macpherson. Ethnic and Racial Studies, 30, 3 397-415. PILKINGTON, A. 003 Racial Disadvantage and Ethnic Diversity in Britain. Basingstoke Palgrave Macmillan SHAH, P. , 2011 Ethnic and religious diversity in Britain. Where are we going? in HEALY, G, KIRTON, G. , and NOON, M Equality, Inequalities and Diversity. Basingstoke Palgrave Macmillan TOWNSEND, P, 1979 Poverty in the United Kingdom. Great Britain University of California. Websites CABINET OFFICE. 2009. Ethnic minorities and the Labour market Final report online. Accessed 26 October 2012. on hand(predicate) from http//www. irr. org. uk/pdf/em_labour_market. pdf GORDAN, L. 1998.Aid to dependant children, the Legal history online. Accessed 21 October 2012. Available from http//www. socialwelfarehistory. com/programs/aid-to-dependent-children-the-legal-history/ GREEN, A. OWEN, D. WILSON, R. 2005. Changing patterns of employment by ethnic groups and for migrant workers online. Accessed 27 October 2012. Available from https//docs. google. com/viewer? a=v&q=cacheKVKNA4lMHX4Jdera. ioe. ac. uk/6250/1/nat-changingpatternsofemploymenttechnicalreport-re-may2006. pdf+national+report+ gullible+owen+wilson&hl=en&pid=bl&srcid=ADGEESHIGHER EDUCATION STATISICS AGENCY. 1993. online. Accessed 29 October 2012. Available from http//www. hesa. ac. uk/content/view/1897/239/ INFORMATION CENTRE GUIDE. 2003. Ethnic minorities online. Accessed 24 October 2012. Available from www. londonchamber. co. uk/docimages/149. pdf LEMAN, N. 1986. The Origins of the Underclass online. Accessed 24 October 2012. Available from http//www. theatlantic. com/past/politics/poverty/origin1. htm LIVESEY, C. 1995-2010 Sociology Central online. Accessed 20 October 2012. Available from http//www. ociology. org. uk/steth. htm PARLIAMENT, 2009. Parliament UK online. Accessed 27 October 2012. Available from http//www. publications. parliament. uk/pa/cm200809/cmselect/cmhaff/427/42703. htm SMITH, A. 2001. The new ethnicity classification in the Labour Force Survey online. Accessed 20 October 2012. Available from https//docs. google. com/viewer? a=v&q=cachezWnhexhVW8cJwww. ons. gov. uk/ons/rel/lms/labour-market-trendsdiscontinued-/volume-110no12/the-new-ethnicity-classification-in-the-labour-force-survey. pd STAKER, D. 2002-2012.Self-Fulfilling Prophecy online. Accessed 26 October 201 2. Available from http//changingminds. org/explanations/theories/self-fulfilling_prophecy. htm THE topic ARCHIVES. online. Accessed 21 October 2012. Available from www. legislation. gov. uk/ukpga/1976/74 TUC report. 2012. Youth, unemployment and ethnicity online. Accessed 28 October 2012. Available from www. tuc. org. uk/economy/index. cfm? mins=364 WALL STREET JOURNAL. 1986. The Economist online. Accessed 27 October 2012. Available from http//www. economist. com/node/13604240 Word count 3201

Artist Deconstruction: A Starry Night

Artist Deconstruction A sparkling Night If there is one amour in this life that cannot be escaped, it is subterfuge. Art takes over our visual and audio senses as well as sensation of touch and emotion. Not only does art take over our senses, but it also does something wonderful to our mental status. It raises awareness and stimulates our brains. Some art can touch us on a rattling deep emotional level. I have chosen to write about a portrait painted by Vaccine van Gogh called Starry Night, which was painted in June 1889. This painting depicts the view outside van Sagos sanitarium room window at night.How does van Gogh employment visual imaginativeness to depict the four visual cures in this painting? How does the physiology of the eye help see the four visual cures? The visual cortex has cells that respond to a get by of light while others noted the edges of objects, certain angles of lines, specific movements, colors or the space between lines (Lester 2011). The use of visual imagery is used in the urinate of color, form, depth and movement. The first thing that I noticed in this painting was the overwhelming night sky, which takes up most of the background.The color that is most prominent in the painting is blue. This has a connection with the sea and sky which each relate to movement of the cool dark colors. Eleven fiery yellow stars that look uniform huge fireballs illuminate this whole piece and contrast with the cool blue, fluid night sky which shows variety of shades of blue and grey. There is also the crescent-shaped moon at the top right hand street corner that radiates an almost orange, brighter light from the rest of the stars. The view of the night sky and village is partially blocked by this huge cypress tree.The tree has a black and green coloring which stands out. The houses are tiny and painted in the bottom right corner of the painting and blend in well with the forest and mountains. The architecture of the village is simple and no l ight illuminates the village, giving the impression that everyone there is probably asleep. The use of form is evident in this painting by the use of the use dot to dot effect and with the use of lines. The dot to dot effect leads your look in a particular way oiling over the hills. The spacing between the stars and the curving shapes create a dot to dot effect.The use of lines that are swirling, front to be swishing across the background in a wax. Y motion and seem to be merging at the center to form this spiral alike(p) formation. All of the swirling lines in the sky direct your eyes around the painting. Both forms have a lot to do with movement within the painting as I believe the forms, shapes and spirals in the painting are meant to be a meaner of expression and used to convey emotion. This is an abstract painting, which creates depth by utilize texture cues by conveying depth to the edges and texture to boundaries.I perceive this painting of having an illusion of constant ly being in motion. The uses of horizontal lines is used to create depth in the night sky, while the vertical lines on the cypress tree draw the viewer to the object as it takes over the countryside. The curving lines of the cypress tree reverberate the sky, which also create depth in the painting. Since humans see in three dimensions the use of depth in this painting is brought out by the size, color, ND lighting and through perspective.The painting also has movement as it shows motion and has what I perceive to be a sense of flowing movement. The pattern of the waves with in the cypress tree, the layers of lines within the stars and the spiral in the sky all amplify the sense of motion. The lines in the painting show movement in the sky as well as distance. The lines that make up the building get thinner as your eye looks further and deeper into the painting. The use of texture within the painting is visually meant to provide a ensue of motion along with the curvy forms in the sk y giving the illusion of the wind blowing.My interpretation of Starry Night is vindicatory one of the many and it remains very much an elusive work to art critics and students alike. Because nobody really knows Van Sagos intention of painting this piece, everybody seems to be using different codes to decipher what Van Gogh was trying to bring across. For me, the painting communicated this love he had for Gods beautiful creations, and yet, there is this sense of loneliness as if no one really saw the world as he saw it.

How Does Steinbeck Create the Theme of Insecurity in the Novel?

Write somewhat Why some characters detect insecure How language contrisolelyes to a ace of the characters hazard How the settings contribute to a sense of in hostage Other features which create a sense of insecurity You must Explore how Steinbeck creates a sense of insecurity through the presentation of insecure characters, eg through Lennie, Crooks and Curleys wife insure at language/settings, eg the situation of Curleys wife and how she feels about Curley and her life on the ranch, and her appearance Show how Steinbeck uses language/settings to create insecurity, eg how language is used to show Lennies insecurity about George End by evaluating how the different elements work unitedly In 45 minutes, three characters ar enough to consider.Choose settings to look at in some detail, eg the pool in the valley where the novel begins and ends the rein in room (chapter 4) which is where Crooks lives the Great Barn (chapter 5) where Lennie kills Curleys wife. signalise on the lang uage Steinbeck uses to describe characters and settings. The movement from harmony to discord appears in most of the settings in the book. font at the opening description on page 18. This peaceful world of nature is disturbed by the arrival of George and Lennie. Make your point and use inference/quotation to support it.Lennie is described as a bear. This image establishes his essential nature the combination of brute strength and animal- alike(p) innocence. An appropriate image which emphasises his angle of dip to hold onto things in a bear-hug. Steinbeck suggests a great deal about Lennie by describing his movements. now go on to look at what we learn about Lennie George is ill at ease with Lennies behaviour as he helps him to rehearse how he should behave when they arrive at the ranch the following day. Comment on what causes Lennies insecurity.We soon see that Lennie is totally dependent on George, unable to cope in the world on his own. His innocence and ignorance of the world and former(a) people lead him into trouble. As a result, Lennie is the main source of conflict in the novel, though as George tells us, he never done it in meanness. Lennies obsession for petting shows that he has deep-rooted emotional needs which he himself does not understand, but which nevertheless have to be satisfied. There is a awe-inspiring progression in his victims from dead mouse to dead girl.We are told something of the reasons why George and Lennie are on their way to a new job and what life is like for itinerant workers during the Great Depression in America in the 1930s George sometimes appears cruel in his treatment of Lennie when he tells him he could have a better life without him,(page 29) but we soon realise that this?is a form of control and that in fact, George actually enjoys their companionship and his responsibility, because the alternative life of the lonely migrator worker has little to recommend it. However,Lennie sinterpretationofGeorge swordsisa lways literalandhe fears that George will abandon him if he does a bad thing. It is this that makes him feel insecure. To reassure himself that they have a future together, to feel secure, Lennie frequently asks George to tell about the rabbits. Comment on the significance of the dream farm (p. 31) Guys like us, that work on ranches, are the loneliest guys in the world. Lennie enjoys Georges story just as a child enjoys a familiar fairy story. But it represents far more to both men.The heaven as Crooks later calls it, becomes not totally their dream, but also that of Candy, Crooks and Curleys wife. In chapter 4, Steinbeck brings together the most vulnerable and insecure characters in the novel. Show how and why this is dramatically impressive the chapter ends as it begins it prepares us for the novels final tragedy achieving the dream is impossible No form never gets to heaven. the potential for happiness is dashed each time. Look in detail at Crooks and the setting of the h arness room, where he lives. Note that Steinbecks portrayal of Crooks is sympathetic.He emphasises his experience of silent suffering, because of his crooked back but also because of the racism he is subjected to because he is black. It is his enforced segregation from the new(prenominal) workers, which causes his insecurity. Look at how Steinbecks description of the setting gives us an insight into Crookss character (p. 98,99) as well as his use of language, he had thin, pain-tightened lips. He is a victim of oppressive violence and prejudice and has learned to cope with it by withdrawing into himself. He is proud and aloofas a defence against the cruel treatment he receives from the other men because he is black. In this chapter, Lennie acts as a catalyst. It is through him that Crooks and Curleys wife reveal their insecurities. In spite of Crooks experience which has taught him that nobody never gets to heaven, he too gets caught up in Lennies dream of owning land and having a f uture, but Curleys wifes cruelty in reminding him of her racial superiority, Well, you keep your place then, Nigger. (p. 113) when he asks her to leave, leaves him feeling humiliated. He realises that in this world of white supremacy, there will never be any security for him.He will never escape from his life of suffering, What she says is true. Curleys wife is never named in the novel. She is perceived as Curleys possession, referred to as Curleys wife. Her husband married her because she is purty and naively she married him because she must have believed that the security of marriage would bring her happiness. Instead, she finds herself in a world of men who do not treat her as an individual, but see her as a sex- object, or a piece of jail bait. Desperate for companionship, she approaches the men in a provocative way. Find examples of Steinbecks description of her.Experience has taught her that men are only interested in her looks. A victim of sexual prejudice, she herself enj oys being cruel to the men in section 4. Angry at being unexpended alone while her husband has gone to spend the evening with prostitutes, she tells them, An what am I doin? Standin here talking to a bunch of bindle stiffs-a nigger an a dum-dum . equal Crooks, who takes the opportunity to vent his pent up anger on someone weaker than himself when he tries to frighten Lennie into believing that George has deserted him, she gets pleasure in watching others suffer. Now look at chapter 5.The setting is the Great Barn, where Lennie has just accidentally kil guide his puppy. Curleys wife confides in Lennie just as Crooks did. This results in her death and the start of the man-hunt for Lennie. Steinbeck evocatively creates a warm and lazy atmosphere through visual detail supported by onomatopeia, The hay came down like a mountain slope to the other end of the barn // There was the buzz of flies in the air, the lazy afternoon humming. This is disrupted by the violence of the killing o f Curleys wife. Look at p. 124. Curleys wife speaks to Lennie in a passion of communication.She relishes the opportunity to talk to someone. In a form of soliloquy, she talks about the life she dream of and confesses, I dont like Curley. On page 129, Steinbecks writing technique resembles script writing for film, And the meanness and the plannings and the discontent and the ache for wariness were all gone from her face. Death has restored her to a natural state of innocence and the visual detail of the description in its softness contrasts with earlier harsh descriptions of her, where Steinbeck suggests that her body language is intended to attract the mens attention, . eaned against the door frame so that her body was thrown forward. In death she is relieved of the loneliness and insecurity, which led her to dream and to search for attention. With her death, Lennies insecurity returns, I done a real bad thing, Georgell be mad By ending the novel where it began, Steinbeck bri ngs the follow out of the book full circle which gives a feeling of completeness to the story. Once again, the last chapter opens with a description of the setting. Lennie has returned to the brush, where George has instructed him to go.Steinbeck focuses on the beauty of the natural world, but this time hints at the violence in nature as a heron swoops down on a water snake and plucked it out by the head, The insecurity felt by these characters is a result of overt discrimination against race, gender and mental disability. Lack of understanding causes their suffering. Both Lennie and Curleys wife die and Steinbeck suggests this is the only way to end their suffering. Crooks is doomed to a life of suffering and insecurity. Through these characters, Steinbeck paints a bleak picture of the lives of migrant workers at this time.

Carol Ann Duffy’s 1993 collection ‘Mean Time’ Essay

The day of the big match had arrived, the anticipation was rising and with only 5 hours to go the crowds were gathering in the pubs and on the streets. Cardiff was the venue, Millennium stadium to be exact. The FA Cup Final, Manchester United vs. Millwall.The grounds men were on the pitch setting up the sprinklers and cracking the grass at the last minute possible, before the teams arrived to warm up and get a feel of the pitch. The sprinklers started to spray like the ocean. The droplets of water were dropping softly like a leaf from the highest tree. As the droplets were falling onto the bouncy blades of grass, they were running down the blades slowly into the soil creating a nice playing surface.A muckle pulled out side the entrance of the stadium, it was Manchesters jitney and the paparazzi skipped as fast as they could to try and get the best picture of the star striker, Ruud wagon train Nistelrooy. The doors of the bus opened slowly just to add to the tension. It was so qu ite you could almost here a pin drop. Footsteps where heard, the squash started hovering around the bus .The crowd on the other side of the road, were waiting for autographs. They started singing and chanting Ruud, Ruud, Ruud. Some of the younger players got off the bus and quickly walked straight into the corridor, down to the changing rooms era they were totally focused. Next off the bus steps the man of the moment, every one wanted to see. Ruud van Nistelrooy. He walked straight over to the fans signed the autographs. The press got the pictures they wanted and off down the long corridor he went, hair bouncing like a space hopper.The underdogs Millwall arrived in there bus minutes later, provided the surrounding ara was empty. Just one sky reporter there, waiting to interview their manager. The players were fired up effect to fight for The FA Cup.The Grounds men rush along onto the pitch dismantled and removed the sprinklers. The pitch was ready for the teams. The stadium st arted to fill up with the crowds sliding through the turnstiles, flashing their precious tickets on the way. Desperate mass standing outside the stadium, offering to buy tickets for 200 pound, more than 5 times over there original value, but with a lots of soupy value attached, were having no luck.Finally preparations were taken for the two teams as on the pitch 40 minutes before the game, they were jogging from one side to the other, issue the ball with their left, then their compensate, firing the ball like a cannon ball. You could sense the teams where ready and all hyped up. affirm in the changing rooms for the teams, as the managers give there last team talk. Before the teams are announced and minutes before kick off.The teamsheets are in and theres a big shock as Manchester Uniteds Star striker, Ruud van Nistelrooy is only on the bench. Its been reported that he picked up a knock in the pre-match warm up by the sky reporter, Chris Kamara. This final is anyones game now.Th e teams are in the tunnel ready and waiting to come out. The stadium is a wash of red and blue. Every seat is taken. The anthem of The FA Cup is been blared out of the speakers in the stands. The teams trot out of the tunnel, on to the hallowed turf of the Millennium stadium in Cardiff. The crowd are on there feet cheering, its almost deafening, its that loud.The Ball is in the mettle ready for kick off. You can almost feel the electricity in the air. Millwall kick off, from left to right all in blue, whilst United are in the famous red, white and black colours. There was an early serge by Millwall, but with no goal, while Ruud sits on the bench waiting for the nod, nothing came of any attacks in the first 35 minutes of the game. Just before half time, the ball broke free to the young United starlet of Cristiano Ronaldo who galloped down the travel, triple stepped-over into the centre and scissure towards goal It hit the post and into the back of the net, one nil to Manchester U nited. All eyes on the ref, waiting for the half time babble out, there it is. The teams go in at the break. Its Manchester United one, Millwall nil.The Speculation is rising now will Ruud make an appearance in this final. The teams are back out ready to start the snatch half, after a talking to from the managers. Manchester United kicks off. The crowd are chanting with all there hearts United, United, United, United, United, United, United.Not much happened until Millwalls top scorekeeper Harris made a darting run into the penalty area Hes been brought down. The refs pointed at the spot. Its a penalty. Harris will take it its a goal Right in the top left hand corner. Thats now one one theres nothing separating these teams. Back to the middle for the re-start, oh wait a minute there will be a substitution for Manchester United with only 10 minutes to go, on comes Ruud van Nistelrooy for Alan Smith. It should be all over nowIts so exciting only three minutes to go now. Ronaldo has the ball on the right wing hes not letting go of that ball. Only a minute and a half now left on the clock Ronaldo whips a cross in from the touchline. The defender has missed it. Its dropped at the feet of Ruud van Nistelrooy, surely a goal now. Hes put his foot right through that ball what a goal It went straight through the keepers legs with seconds left on the clock. I dont believe it. The whistle has blown. Its all over Manchester United have won by two goals to one. They are The FA Cup ChampionsWell what an exciting finish to this game. Ruud van Nistelrooy saves the day again.

Digital Bangladesh

The golden jubilee of the independence of Bangladesh would be observed in 2021. The country has already fixed its rate of achieving Digital Bangladesh by that time. It is a timely expectation for proper positioning the country among other hi-tech countries globally. A country goes digital means it go out be an e-state means all its activities of governance, commerce, education, agriculture etc. , will be powered by computer and profits. Today information communication technology (ICT) drives the technical and economic advancement of the developed as well as emerging economies.The goal of establishing such digital country would bring success in the ICT sector, which cannot be ignored in this 21st century. Heading towards that target will link every device such as cell phone, internet, computer, e-learning, e-governance etc. Today the constitutional world is gradually becoming a Digital Planet. Almost every state is heading towards a knowledge-based society and Bangladesh cannot st ay away(predicate) from the advantages out of it. though it is very easy to speak about such a dream, i. e. making a country digital, but at the same time it is very sticky to implement it.For implementation, it is basically the government who will take initiatives while the other political parties also need to play important role. For more than decades we are in the user level of computer, but we failed to develop better ICT infrastructure and not able to provide digital devices to the common people. A very first misuse for Digital Bangladesh would be to spread the ICT education throughout the country. Internet facilities should be made available to the remotest corner of the country at a cheaper rate. The speed of the internet must be made maximum to get the benefit of the time.Boosting up the ICT industry deserves huge investment as well as care by right ICT policy. A comprehensive plan and effort through a holistic approach needs to be made. Market needs to be broadened twai n in and outside the country for software, outsourcing and programming. Hardware plant needs to be established in the country. Bangladesh as a country with 150 million cosmos has huge potential, despite having many problems. It is very important to create skilled manpower educated in science and technology. Currently, the people of Bangladesh remain far away from using ICT, when the whole world is getting developed with the blessings of ICT.Though late, but Bangladesh is already connected with SEA-ME-WE4 submarine fiber-optic cable connection. The government needs to adopt a viable ICT policy and set up a state of the art Hi-Tech Park with a view to flourishing the ICT sector. At present, the ICT sector go under three separate ministries, namely post and telecommunication, science and technology and information. For obvious reasons, there is a need for bringing the ICT sector under a single umbrella to ease policy formulation and realize the potential.A holistic approach needs to be taken by all the stakeholders to reach the ICT facilities to the door of the common people. It is the time to take initiative to hand over a computer to every child of the country. The broadband internet charge needs to be reduced at minimum level. Therefore, it is the expectation of the mass people that the government will take all possible steps to create a unfermented (simple, measurable, accountable, responsive and transparent) Digital Bangladesh and establish a knowledge-based society within 50 years of her independence in 2021.

Gloria Anzaldua

In the essay How to Tame a Wild Tongue from Borderlands/La Frontera, Gloria Anzaldua paints a moving portrait of the search for identity in a world that refuses to allow one. The physical borderland between the U. S. and Mexico helps create, but is also inessential to, the psychological fence that a person is put on when they are denied a culture and a place in society. Anzaldua talks about the predicament she faced about her own language and how she represents herself through her chosen language, the confusion about their race, and what troubles she faced when teaching about Chicano literature.Anzaldua discusses her experiences growing up between many an(prenominal) cultures. As a woman of many identities, she has suffered oppression because of whom and what she represents in an American culture that is threatened by anyone who is not of white color. When she talks about the virtually(prenominal) languages she had to speak to get by these barriers, she encountered most issues w ith those of Anglos. Anglos were considered the England or English people.Anzaldua states, On one side of us, we are constantly exposed to the Spanish of the Mexicans, on the otherwise side we hear the Anglos constant clamoring so that we forget our language (454). She explicated the different ways Spanish people spoke, from standard Spanish to Chicano Spanish (in which consonants were dropped in some words or leave out initial syllables) to Tex-Mex (where words were English but with Spanish sounds). Anzaldua expressed it as a result of pressure on Spanish speakers to adapt to English.Another issue that Anzaldua points out was the Chicanas or Latinas having low estimation of their native language. Women felt uncomfortable speaking to their Latinas or Chicanas because throughout their whole lives they were resume into the different native tongues from generations, what school taught them, or what the media demonstrated. But Anzaldua doesnt want to contradict herself in that form. She takes pride in her language, before she does herself (451).When Anzaldua first taught high school English to Chicano students, she was on the verge of losing her job vindicatory because she wanted her students to read Chicano literature. But even before reading Mexican literature, she was always interested in the Mexican movies and music but those Chicanos who were slightly Americanized, or as they say agringado Chicano, felt ashamed being caught listening to their music. There was also great bar in acknowledging that there is more than one way of being people fear that which is different, even though its existence s the other is what defines them. The Mexicans would define themselves both as Raza when referring to Chicanos or tejanos when we are Chicanos from Texas. But its not enough to say youre Hispanic to the Mexicans. If you were asked whats your ethnicity, would you say youre Hispanic just to represent your culture or would you tell your true nationality? In finale, ye t the struggle of identities continues, the struggle of borers is our reality still, says Anzaldua (456).

Co-existence and co-development: the sociological perspective Essay

One of the early sociologist who tackled suicide is Emile Durkheim who related polarities in cordial integration and control with suicide. There atomic number 18 foursome types of reasoning which would account for suicidal or self annihilating moves (Durkheim, 1951). Altruistic reasoning is when a person feels his act of suicide will serve a social purpose. This is more like a self sacrifice and is associated with high social integration. Egoistic reasoning is when a person feels alienated and socially stray lacking social support. Such reasoning is associated with low social integration.Fatalistic reasoning behind suicidal acts is associated with aversion to control deemed undesirable like slavery even if it means getting killed in the attempt of gaining freedom. Such an act is associated in this conception with high regulation or control. Anomic reasoning refers to discern with undesirable situational changes (Durkheim, 1951). Such early works on suicide were important attemp ts in systematization of an approach to a grouchy social issue which tag sociology as scientific discipline and opened the possibility of mapping social situations which may lead to particular set of actions like committing suicide.Anformer(a) theory which explored social integration and regulation is Kolbergs decimal points of moral development. Kolbergs theory is a express off from the moral judgment model of Piaget who introduced development or changes associated with growing up (Crain, 1985). Piaget observed differences in age levels as far as perceptions on moral dilemmas. Younger children view rules for example as fixed and unattackable but aged(a) children tend to recognize that rules as tools of cooperation and an agreement on rules are important.Another insight was that younger children tend to view consequences as compared to older children who tend to value motivation behind a particular action (Crain, 1985). Kolberg expanded on this notion and identified six form ats of moral development essential in the development of particular social formations. Level I is preconventional morality which comprised stage 1 obedience and punishment orientation and stage 2 individualisation and exchange. The marked change is similar to Piagets that is, recognition of the relativity of right and wrong (Crain, 1985).Level II is conventional morality do up of stage 3 in moral development, good interpersonal relationships which corresponds to early teens. Here the young person learns of what is expected of his/her behavior, what is and not acceptable. Stage 4 is maintaining the social order. At stage 4, the concept of society as a structure and functions is more or less fairly developed (Crain, 1985). Level III is postconventional morality made up of stage 5 social contract and individual rights. Stage 5 is abstraction of society and what ought to be the attributes of good governance.Consensus and participation in much(prenominal) a consensus system is the mai n virtue at this stage. Dissonance and value judgment is more profound as delineation between what is moral and what is licit may not coincide and difficult conflict to resolve may arise (Crain, 1985). Stage 6 in Kolbergs social construct is oecumenical principles. Adherence to higher ideals like justice and dignity of a human being. Thus impartiality and equal opportunity as a higher tired of behavior if moral dilemmas are to be resolved (Crain, 1985).There are theoretical dilemmas in the model as the scale system in Kolbergs model failed to fully distinguish between stage 5 and 6 though intuitively the difference between the two stages is quite clear. In stage 6 an invitation for action to change society is embedded (Crain, 1985). The importance of such conceptions of social order hence how people would be integrated and agree on forms of regulation and at what point will there be a break and hence opens possibility for risk situations such as those that would reinforce self-an nihilating acts (Crain, 1985).We take note that at this point of discussion that at any time in the developmental stages of a human being, the psychological premises are operative. perception is essential to Kolbergs model recognizing behavior patterns as so complicated that it would be impossible to teach every detail of certain behavior pattern. soothe the notion of each according to his/her configuration is very much evident. The individual learns because he has the ability and others are important as models or patterns which they too put up do (Crain, 1985).And here is maybe a thread we can to track suicidal tendencies, suicide acts affects other people, invoking the possibility. An invitation into the domain of death. Death is a loaded give voice with different layers of meaning. Just how do people convey meaning? What could be the unit of sharing and comparing abstractions and theories so essential in gaining knowledge. Another eyeshot which shed more light on how could people agree or reach a consensus on a moral dilemma or flood tide into a critical decision is symbolic interactionism.This thinking maintains that the mind is a dynamic process of creating and sharing significant symbols embedded with defined and clear meanings. This is a product of interaction resulting to social symbols. With such a perspective, it would be easy to recognize that a consensus or an agreement is agreement first on the particular symbol to use to construct such agreements. Language remains the more potent symbolic system universal across human societies.According to this view, study is not simply observing as contended by Kolb or an imitation as Bandura maintained but according to Mead, an ability of taking the role of the other through empathy enabling a continuing internal dialogue. Blumer the social psychologist who coined symbolic interactionism summed up the three premises underlying this concept. The first premise is that humans contain towards things accor ding to meanings attributes to such things. The second premise is that these meanings are products of social interactions with others. The third premise holds that such meaning undergoes interpretation and modification.By and large, though there are disagreements, one thing is emerging thus far, that the dynamic relationship between nature and learned is a continuing and developing process leading perhaps to the question of what is the ultimate potential or purpose of life and how could a divergence such a violent act against others or self-annihilation could transpire. What is unembellished though that understanding a suicidal act could be seen as a process leading to the risk situations of increasing likelihood of committing such acts (Sandstorm, Martin, & Fine, no date).

Hamlet Nunnery Scene Analysis

In this essay, I am going to write just ab come out of the closet the themes and techniques in the Nunnery scene in William Shakespe atomic number 18s play ham permit. All of the points I am going to cover have been expressed through different mediums for example in film and televised prominent plays where the cin one casept of critical points anger or use of nunnery is perceived to be different through artistic licence and also I will public lecture about the themes raised during the scene same(p) corruption, imposition, passion and traitorousnessThroughout every the adaptations of the Nunnery scene, deception is a pivotal theme carried and sustained. The universal concept of deception in the scene is presented by three points. crossroads is being spied on, by Claudius and Polonius. The reason for this is that they both(prenominal) become highly suspicious of Hamlets current behaviour. They are convinced his new madness is not genuine. The way they go about spying by vi ctimisation Ophelia as a device to retr function information for their own soulfulnessal benefit is a way deception is conveyed.Ophelia is lying to him this is also a way the theme of deception is successfully carried through the scene, the fact that Hamlet himself lied to Ophelia as defence mechanism to catch out Ophelias lies and to reinforce the point that he has a distant superior intellect. An early(a) devices or technique that you could say that Shakespeare uses to create and maintain the deception in this scene is that, whenever Ophelia answers Hamlet, she lacks detail and tries to avoid and abetting questions and pretend as if the questions were never asked.An example of this is when Hamlet asks Ha, ha, Are you honest? Ophelia replies My lord . Again Hamlet asks Are you clean-living . And he receives this answer from Ophelia What mean you lordship. This is a clear example of her stalling or beating nigh the bush as it were, to find time to come up with an answer that wou ld bait her out as a spy and a liar. In every single Adaptation and dramatization of the play, the smell out of veneration and confusion in Ophelias voice is extremely apparent. In my opinion this fear she has originates from two viable scenarios.Firstly she is exposed as a liar. Secondly she fails to gain any conclusive information from Hamlet and this would target to the probability her suffer and Claudius wouldnt be too pleased with her seeing as they put far too more than effort in to this operation and its likelihood of success. I can say this because Claudius and Polonius both went to the extent of eavesdropping on Ophelia so no detail was missed and also to eliminate the possibility that Ophelia would invent some elements of her conversation/confrontation with Hamlet to protect him.Corruption and betrayal are two themes that tie in with each other sooner well. Corruption is far clearer and more apparent as it is carried throughout the social unit play. It is present b y the fact Claudius makes it his mission to destroy Hamlet, so he can keep the vest he longed for quite some time seeing as he killed his own brother to accomplish it. The only way he can find out what Hamlet is thinking is by using Ophelia as a makeshift operative to extract the information they need. They do this as Ophelia is only person other than his mother he can fully trust.However betrayal is more complex. It is displayed in the so-called act point of the Nunnery scene, there are several possibilities for this depending on the type of adaptation the main ones are when Hamlet asks Wheres you Father and also when a noise (A sound made by either Polonius or Claudius) is heard by Hamlet. In the Mel Gibson rendition of Hamlet there is no noise exactly a shadow seen by Hamlet, also in the contemporary Ethan Hawke Version when Hamlet approaches Ophelia for a hug he feels the wire planted on Ophelia to spy on him.However in the Kozintsev version this Turning point arrives much earlier it is not as climatic and chronic as the other adaptations. This discovery made by Hamlet in all its forms opens up the dormant suspicions and reservations of Ophelia thought up by Hamlet. The reason wherefore his suspicions were dormant was that Hamlet generally is a very melancholy young man who has been prevented from attending university, his father dead and he knows who killed him and hes now married to his mother as we all know. Hamlet always wears both black or unexciting dull colours like brown, grey and a very dark crimson in his clothing.The fact is, Ophelia is after all, his girlfriend and possibly a probable wife therefore she is a person of a great importance in his life. If Hamlet had let her in his life, he clearly would have never expect edto have been betrayed by her at all. seeing as Hamlet is an extremely complex and possibly insane character so This causes his unstoppable rabies which in itself is another theme in the Nunnery scene, which is carried t ill the end where he storms out while he shouts that he know he is subject to espionage and he is being lied to. God ath given you a face and you go and make yourself another. He isnt happy about it (evidently) and he menacingly tells Ophelia to go to a nunnery. To a nunnery go Love and Passion in a sexual/ family relationship context, are two other themes that drive both Ophelia and Hamlet to do things, react or act a certain way in the Nunnery. The truth is that they are both in love but because of the complications in the environment in which they live and also the constant interference of their relationship by other people, such as Ophelias father Polonius. No my good lord, but I did as you command, I repel his letters and denied his access to me. These are the instructions Polonius handed to Ophelia much before the Nunnery Scene in act 2 scene 1. Starting from Turning point Hamlet uses his love for Ophelia as a limb against her several times. An example of this is when he sa ys I love you not, I did love you once and I say we have no mo marriages.Hamlet does this because he has previously shown his inner character to Ophelia by trusting her and to show that he actually angry he must use a weapon that Ophelia can see through or expect and also a weapon that he has employ against her before especially his love for her as she never doubted. The theme of passion however is portrayed in Hamlets anger, his reaction shows his disappointment in Ophelia, by shaking her and gripping her tightly and in some adaptations e. g. the Branagh and Lawrence Olivier version Hamlet physical strikes her.This is the one of the clearest indications of the intensity of the love they both shared and the loved they were denied. The set and the setting play a major part in intensifying the themes explained above throughout the Nunnery scene. The generic setting or basis of all the setting in the scene for all the adaptations is Elsinore Castle, the locations that are most commonl y used are the court yard or a large hall. In the BBC version takes place in a very enclosed space, strangely this is one of the only version where visually it Hamlet shows absolutely no anger at all and show compassion rather to Ophelia and pities her.However in the other entire version I have seen the setting helps creates a hostile and thin environment, where hamlet is able do use the acoustic to project his voice and also ironically to guardianship Claudius and Polonius to eavesdrop. In most versions the Openness as space in which the scene takes place creates a sense of exposure and insecurity for both characters especially for Ophelia as she is trapped both physically by Hamlet and mentally/emotionally by her Claudius and Polonius because she has to complete her mission assigned to her. Another Technique used in the Nunnery scene is the dialogue and the conflict within it.These techniques are the main aspect of the theme of deception and betrayal this is what carries these t o themes through the scene and therefore the rest of the play. As mentioned the use of rhetorical questions and sarcasm especially in Hamlets tone. For example That is you be honest and fair your honesty should admit no converse to your beauty this is a clear example of Hamlets sarcasm and rhetorical question. The trigger for all this form of communication is the sudden addressing of Hamlet in a formal way when they never talk in that way.The conflict in the dialogue also helps to know Ophelia is lying. My honoured lord, you know right well you did .. betroth these again for the noble mind , rich gifts wax poor when givers prove unkind. The combination of vowel rhyme and alliteration in Ophelias line fails to make her spontaneous and genuine it rather makes it sound rehearsed and fake. besides after Ophelias failed attempt to deceive hamlet in think he gave the remembrances. His response Ha, ha are you honest? shows his far superior intellect.

Why Canadians Should Leave Afghanistan

since February 2002, approximately 15, 000 Canadian soldiers accommodate served in Afghanistan. 78 Canadian Forces (CF) casualties have occurred, including unity diplomat. The role of the Canadian Forces in Afghanistan is often debated. some disagree with the relegating and want the CF to leave Afghanistan direct. Doing this however would moreover be failing the Canadian commitment to the Inter depicted object Security Assistance Force (ISAF) and NATO. Canada should keep its commitment and re principal(prenominal) in Afghanistan until the mission is complete.Afghanistan is in state that is al almost beyond third-world. However, the mission that Canada is currently entangled in has improved the acres drastically and will continue to do so as long as the mission continues. So wherefore recall the chance and leave when Canada could further development and warranter ? Canada is non just involved in a combat role. We atomic number 18 also deployed to help rebuild the country. If Canada leaves now we would non only break our commitment to NATO, however to the Afghan people who really need the help as well. terce major reasons to why Canadians are still in Afghanistan and should continue to be in Afghanistan are national security, development of infrastructure and systems , and scotchs. This alone should be the reason why the Canadian military postures should continue their duty in Afghanistan. Even though Canadians are spending billions of dollars ensuring the safety and security of a country that is highly regarded as hopeless in a sense where its highly doubted that this country will ever be stable.It is non only there obligation but there duty because of the commitment they made and as one the wealthier countries Canada cannot stand idly by and fail to help one of the poorest countries in the world. There are now 2,500 Canadian Forces personnel participating in the Afghanistan mission most of them being in the most most troubled province of Kandah ar. They are there to help the security situation and to help extend the authority in the brass.Also the Canadian forces is training both the Afghanistan National Army and Afghani police force and by doing this, citizens could feel more eat ease knowing that their local police force or national army could provide safety and security from the warlord and tali bans. However not only are we providing security for Afghanistan but to the Canada as well. Canada for many years has been one of al-Qaedas top hated countries.Canadian citizens think that just because there arent as recognized as the states in a notional federal agency that we can be safe from attacks such as 9/11. Really we almost unimpeachably could be next to be attacked. Afghanistan is a home for terrorist organizations and criminals. So, by staying in the country to try and abstract the insurgency we are really protecting the national security of Canada. The same also applies to the countries surrounding Afghanistan. A secure Afghanistan means a secure Central Asia.Afghanistan is situated between a a pre-nuclear Iran on one side and a post-nuclear Pakistan on the other, geo-politically this can be a enigma if Afghanistan fails to establish a self rule government, because then the neighbors will get involved and de-stabilize a radio active region. This is why the Canadian forces are in Afghanistan to prevent situations like theses from occurring. The upstanding mission is to educate and act as security for this nation until it could help and provide for its own.If Canadians pull out now what was the reason for coming in the first place ? It would be a waste of time, life and notes the only logical social function to do is to stick with it and hope for the best. Canadians are often saying is Canada willing to commit themselves to decades of involvement in Afghanistan, which could cost hundreds of Canadian lives and billions of dollars with no guarantee of ending up with a normal society. This is true to a certain degree that lives will be lost and money will be spent. However is it not the outcome of the situation that counts ? If 1 Canadian dies 1000 people cry If 1000 Afghans die 1 person cries Canada should be looking towards the future because realistically if we pull out now more Canadian lives could potentially be at stake from al qeida and other terrorist groups. Canada is pushing forward trying to establish a Dependant state become independent and yes, this will cost some lives and the use of money but it will benefit them in the long run. Since there time in Afghanistan, Canada has helped the development attend immensely by building infrastructure, impementing vaccination programs, health related issues and an education system. accination program has nearly eradicated the affection in Kandahar province and throughout southern Afghanistan. Second, infant mortality in the region has interpreted a dramatic downturn. Also there are a lot more children than the p revious generation and this is genuinely vital to the development of Afghanistan. The Canadian multinational development agency is the main contributer to the development aspects of things. They have taken on the role of Investing in the future of Afghan children and youth through development schedule in education and health and improving the lives of Afghans, especially women and children.The Afghan people are relying on the international community to help them rebuild their lives and their country after having suffered through decades of instability, oppression and insurgency. By supporting the make of institutions such as independent courts, police and an army, Canada is laying the prove work out for afghans. This shows that Canadian efforts are not going to waste and more importantly that they are slowly making a adjustment and even though it has taken them 11 years to do so, Canada is finally starting to see results in which do not occur over night.Some people might argue the fact that the government is using the taxpayers money for something that has no beneficial value to the Canadian citizens. People need to realize that Afghanistan was a training ground for terrorists whose actions disrupted Canadian lives and economy. In order to prevent this from happening again Canada is instituting a government system and a strong military force. Also there trying to find a different source in which the afghan economy can flourish because right now Afghanistan main source of income are poppy fields however we know I as heroin. lowly womens ability to look and achieve improved economic potential is healthier and generates hope for a brighter future for them and their families. Furthermore economic empowerment is not a womens issue its a development issue, there isnt a better way to improve a countys living condition than to empower women. If there are more people in th working class than the country could generate more income. Canadas involvement allowed wom en to take a pincer step into empowerment, which as we all know is a great deal in Afghanistan.However the problem for the country isnt that it cant generate income, it is that it can development a great economy but the ground work to start them off was never there until the Canadians showed up. The fact is that Afghanistan has substantial untapped natural resources, including not only oil, natural gas and copper but hydro-electric power sources as well. Developing Afghanistans capacity to trade energy could help improve the nations economy and defuse regional tensions. Canadian corporations should be ready to take part in such major development projects.Our involvement would benefit both Canada and Afghanistan. With so overmuch going for Afghanistan development process and the minor risks taken by Canada, why shouldnt they stay and continue the line of work that they committed to. The only logical answer could be if there was no development process and the whole was failure, bu t its not Canada is building and reshaping Afghanistan economy, government. A major step as already been taken by granting women some rights and citizens of Canada need to take notice of this. If canada keeps this up lowly but surely Afghanistan will be a independent country with limited terrorism.

How to Become an Engineer

How to become an Engineer? Engineers uptake their imagination and analytic skills to invent, design, and puddle things that matter. They atomic number 18 team players with independent minds who turn ideas into reality. Many become licensed professional engineers (P. E. s) in order to better protect the health, safety, and welf be of the public. By dreaming up creative and practical solutions, engineers be changing the world all the time. Engineering has been called the invisible or stealth profession.Everything around us and that we use every day has been engineered in some way, yet we may not see the engineers behind the scenes or know much about engineering. Engineering is not part of our grade school education. Many engineers whose shape affects the public become licensed. The engineering field is as varied as engineers themselves. Engineers can design and build superstructures or delicate medical instruments. Engineers are exploring for energy and for new worlds in space. T hey are designing the environmental controls for an art museum or directing global sales of todays hottest cars and computers.Who knows where the next great challenges volition be? I know what your thinking how do you become an engineer or that this is interesting and you would bid to apply. Heres how u become an engineer First and Fore more or less, you want to do decide if you give up what it takes to be an engineer. To become a professional engineer, you must give birth a college degree in engineering. intimately university programs are selective and quite competitive. Earning right grades in eminent school is imperative, as is getting a high SAT or ACT score. Second, you must contemplate what type of engineering interests you.While most programs scarper to focus on general core classes the first and second year of go intoment, many require students to enroll in a specific program regardless. Seats in each program are principally limited. If you maintain a high GPA, you can ordinarily transfer from one program to another deep down the engineering department if necessary. It is still important to put some thought into what type of engineering interests you in advance entering your program. Third, look for and apply to schools with strong engineering programs in the area(s) that interest you.Fourth step is to get good grades in all of your classes once you are enrolled in a program. The first and second geezerhood are usually the hardest. Many students are required to take an above-average number of credit hours, and classes are tough. Outside transaction is generally discouraged. Focus on your studies as much as possible. Your hard work will be rewarded in the future. The fifth step is to obtain a co-op. Co-ops are usually offered the third, fourth and fifth years of engineering programs. Most co-ops are paid, some are not.They are usually very competitive, which is why receiving high grades in your course work is important. This is the stove pipe way to obtain valid, related work experience out front entering the job market and it can lead to employment upon graduation. The sixth step is to seek the assistant of your schools Career Development Center as you near the completion of your program. Someone there can usually help you with your resume, direct you to co-ops and internships and eventually help you apply for jobs in the engineering industry once you are qualified.The seventh and final step is to join a professional engineering society or connecter that caters to your specific interest. Professional organizations offer many networking opportunities that are ideal for those looking for employment as well as further professional development. Choosing the right career can mean the difference between be satisfied and being disappointed with my life. Many factors can influence the career that I may have for the rest of my life.A decision that I am going to make at the young age of cardinal will have a major impac t on the next ten years of my life. In order to make the best decision possible for my future I must follow these steps inserted above. Now, all of this may sound hard and boring but if you interested like I am you would do whatever it takes to reach your goal in life. Engineers are one of the highest paid jobs and also the most complex. If you want to become an engineer follow these steps and you will be on your way to the best engineer possible

Simulation Lab

manakin Lab Group 5 Dynamic Systems 1, ME3211 David Cramer Percentage of Work_______________________________________ Cory Spelman Percentage of Work_______________________________________ Table of Contents Objective Calculations experimentation Results Appendices Objective The objective of this lab was to understand how to use the Working Model 2D software and to gain this knowledge to create a tingle absorber. Part 1 was to open up a usher file and analyze the might vs. time of the piston. Part 2 was to create a vibration absorber.The background for creating the vibration absorber was to limit the motion of a hit press. This press causes unwanted vibrations that affect nearby equipment during operation. The vibration of this press was to be dissipated using a bulk and spring coatd appropriately for the size of the press and its motion. Calculations The reciprocal motion of the press was wedded by semblance 1 rev=440+5*group number? (1) where group number was 5 and RPM i s the reciprocal motion of the press in revolutions per minute. This motion was converted to radians per second by using Equation 2 ? RPM*2? 60 (2) where (2? )/(60) was used to convert the revolutions per minute to radians per second. The hand of the press and table spend was prone as 320kg. The mass for the vibration absorber, ma, was calculated using Equation 3 kama=? 2 (3) where ? was found based on Equation 2 and ka was found using Equation 4 ka=(4450+50*group number) (4) where group number was 5 and ka was found in units of Newtons per meter.These determine were used to construct a mass spring system suspend from the table top with mass ma and spring ka. Another mass spring system was created with a mass five times larger than the previous mass and an equivalent spring necessary to foregather Equation 3. The values found from the calculations are summarized below in Table 1 and the calculations are given up in Appendix A. Table 1 Calculations ? (rad/s) ka (N/m) ma (kg) 1 15. 5 4700 19. 6 2 15. 5 23545 98 Experimentation For Part 1 the demo file Piston2. m2d was used to analyze the beat backs on a piston on a crank moving at 500 and 6500 RPM. The animation step was changed from the slight value to 0. 001 seconds to allow more than data points to be plotted. The plot displayed motor in X-direction vs. time that was provided by the Working Model simulation and overly a second set of data points for the theoretical pull back that was calculated using the mass of the piston and its X-acceleration. The objective of Part 2 of this lab was to create a mass spring element to dampen the vibrations of a thrust press.For this part the gravity was turned glowering so that the displacement of the press table caused by the forcing function could be analyzed without the effect of gravity. The punch press table was modeled in Working Model as a rectangle with a mass of 320kg which was given. The two legs were each modeled as a spring silencer system wit h inclemency and damping given as 15N/mm and 500kg/s respectively. The sinusoidal motion of the press was modeled as a force in the Y-direction with the value given by Equation 5 F=-150sin(? t) (5) where F was the force in Newtons and ? was the value found using Equation 2. The force was applied to the center of the press table. The simulation was psychometric test on the system and a plot of the displacement of the table vs. time was created. A spring with stiffness ka found using Equation 4 was attached to the bottom of the center of the table and mass ma found using Equation 3 was attached to the other end of the spring to act as a vibration damper. The displacement of the table top vs. ime was again plotted as well as the displacement of ma vs. time. The test procedure was repeated using a ma value 5 times larger than the previous ma value and a different ka value sized accordingly. The values for displacement for this setup were also plotted. All data series for the displace ment of ma were imposed on the same chart to allow comparison between the collar tests. The model used for this simulation mess be seen below in Figure 1 Figure 1, Results Using demo file Piston2. wm2d a crank with a running speed of 500 RPM, was analyzed in the program for three seconds. aft(prenominal) looking at the calculations, calculate the theoretical force by taking the mass multiplied by the acceleration. Figure 2 below shows the theoretical force compared to the unfeigned force. Figure 1 The calculated theoretical force is similar to the actual force relative to time but differs in the directional force by being less than what the actual value really is. Changing the engine speed to 6500 RPM and repeating the process as mentioned above is the next part. Figure 3 shows the theoretical force compared to the actual force with an engine speed of 6500 RPM. Figure 3The difference between the theoretical and actual force for 6500 RPM is the same as for the speed of 500 RPM. The theoretical force doesnt have as much directional force as the actual. As predicted, the 6500 RPM engine moved at a much faster rate than the 500 RPM for the three seconds tested. It created many more data points and more values to compare. For part two of the experiment, a mass spring element to dampen the vibrations of a punch press was created. After calculating the ka and ma values as shown in Table 1,the mass was to be multiplied by five and the spring unceasing must represent the ass calculated which is also shown in Table 1. A plot was created to show the displacement of the table and displacement of ma later the addition of the absorber for both sets of masses.. Figure 4 below shows the top without dampering, the top with a damper of 19. 6 kg , and a top with a damper of 98 kg. Figure 4 Comparing the three different table top displacements, the second absorber clearly works the best. Based on figure 4, it shows to be more constant and steadily goes towards zero at a fa ster rate than the top without dampering and the top with a damper of 19. 6 kg.The displacement of the top with the damper of 19. 6 kg and the top with the damper of 98 kg was plotted based on its displacement of ma. Figure 5 below shows the comparison between the two table tops with different dampering. Figure 5 Based on the given information from the graph, the second absorber works better yet again. The ma of the 19. 6 absorber isnt as constant and dispersed everywhere while the ma of the 98 absorber is more constant and has a steady endure for the seconds that it was tested. References 1 Design Simulation Technologies. (2007). Working Model 2D Computer program

Paper Ib

REVISION 2 (56 Marks) IB regulation level Biology Dulwich College Shanghai Topic 3 Chemistry of Life 3. 1Chemical elements and water 3. 1. 1State that the most much occurring chemical elements in living things argon carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen. 3. 1. 2State that a variety of other elements are inevitable by living organisms, including sulphur, atomic number 20, phosphorus, iron and sodium. 3. 1. 3State one role for each of the elements in 3. 1. 2. 3. 1. 4Draw and label a draw showing the grammatical construction of water molecules to show their polarity and hydrogen bond formation. 3. 1. Outline the thermal, cohesive and resolving properties of water. 3. 1. 6Explain the relationship amid the properties of water and its uses in living organisms as a coolant, medium for metabolic reactions and transfer medium. 3. 2Carbohydrates, Lipids and Proteins 3. 2. 1Distinguish among constitutive(a) and inorganic compounds. 3. 2. 2Identify aminic acids, glucose, ribose and f atty acids from diagrams showing their structure. 3. 2. 3List iii lawsuits of each of monosaccharides, disaccharides and polysaccharides. 3. 2. 4State one pass away of glucose, lactose and glycogen in animals and of fructose, sucrose and cellulose in plants. . 2. 5Outline the role of condensation and hydrolysis in the relationships between monosaccharides, disaccharides and polysaccharides between fatty acids, glycerine and triglycerides and between amino acids and polypeptides. 3. 2. 6State three functions of lipids 3. 2. 7Compare the use of carbohydrates and lipids in energy storage. Paper 1 Multiple Choice (7 Marks) 1. Which is not a primary function of protein molecules? A. Hormones B. Energy storage C. Transport D. anatomical structure 2. Which of the following could be a function of a membrane protein? A. Energy storage B. Enzymatic activeness C. Oxygen uptake D. Thermal insulation 3.What is the maximum number of fatty acids that can be condensed with glycerol? A. One B. Two C. Three D. Four 4. What is a role of carbohydrates in animal cells? A. As transmit for passive transport B. As enzymes C. As energy storage D. As components of the animal cell circumvent 5. Which of the following terms correctly describe the molecule below? I. Monosaccharide II. Ribose III. Carbohydrate A. I altogether B. I and III only C. II and III only D. I, II and III 6. What causes water to gravel a relatively high boiling point? A. Hydrogen bonds between water molecules B. Hydrogen bonds between hydrogen and oxygen within water molecules C.Cohesion between water molecules and the container in which the water is boiled D. covalent bonds between hydrogen and oxygen within water molecules 7. Identify the atoms and ions from the table below. AtomsIons A. H+Na+OHCl B. FeKCH3COOH2O C. FeH2OCa2+N3 D. NaCINO3 Paper 2 subsection A Data Analysis (7 marks) 1. Scientists have long been come to about the effect of heavy metals in foods that we eat. aquatic filter feeders inclu ding bivalves, such as mussels and oysters, are specially prone to accumulation of heavy metals. Calcium is taken into bivalves through protein channels, but other non-essential elements may besides be taken in.To investigate the relationship between the uptake of atomic number 20 and other elements, the bivalves Hyridella depressa and Velesunio ambiguous were place in solutions containing ten times the normal level of calcium (Ca). The elements manganese (Mn), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd) and cobalt (Co) were also present in the solutions at normal concentrations. The results are shown below. Source Reprinted from Markich Scott J. and Jeffree Ross A. , Absorption of divalent trace metals as analogues of calcium by Australian freshwater bivalves an explanation of how water hardness reduces metal toxicity, Aquatic Toxicology (August 1994), vol. 9, issue 34, pp. 257290, 1994 with permission from Elsevier ? (a)(i)Outline the effect of increasing calcium levels in the water on calcium levels in the tissue of the bivalves. (1) (ii)Outline the effect of increasing calcium levels in the water on metals other than calcium in the tissue of the bivalves. (1) (b)Suggest reasons for the effects of calcium on the levels of the other metals in the tissues. (2) (c)Evaluate the implications of these results for monitoring water timbre in regions where bivalves are harvested. (3) Paper 2 Section A Short Structured (20 Marks) 1.The complex structure of proteins can be explained in terms of four levels of structure, primary, standby, tertiary and quaternary. (a)Primary structure involves the sequence of amino acids that are bonded together to form a polypeptide. State the name of the linkage that bonds the amino acids together. (1) (b)Beta pleated sheets are an example of secondary structure. State one other example. (1) (c)Tertiary structure in globular proteins involves the folding of polypeptides. State one face of bond that stabilizes the tertiary structure. (1) (d)Outli ne the quaternary structure of proteins. (2) 2.State one named example of a fibrous protein and one named example of a globular protein. (2) 3. State two functions of proteins with a named example of each. (2) 4. Lipids are essential nutrients that must be included in the diet. (a)State one food rich in lipids suitable for a vegan diet. (1) (b)Outline two functions of lipids in the body. (2) (c)Discuss the possible health problems associated with diets rich in lipids. (4) 5. Living organisms produce a wide variety of organic compounds. (a)Define the term organic. (1) Organic compounds are made of chemical elements, which are therefore essential to living organisms. b)State the three most commonly occurring elements. (1) (c)Some organic compounds contain other elements. State one substance, or group of substances, that contains (i) nitrogen, (ii) phosphorus. (2) Section B Extended Response (22 Marks) 1. Outline the role of condensation and hydrolysis in the relationship between amino acids and dipeptides. (4) 2. Explain the secondary and tertiary levels of protein structure. (4) 3. Describe why carbohydrates and lipids are used as energy stores. (6) 4. Explain, with informant to its properties, the significance of water as a coolant, a means of transport and as a habitat. (8)